Barbie: Should The Doll Be Modified? Essay

Since Barbie was first launched by Mattel in 1959 over 10 million have been sold. â€Å"Somewhere in the world, a Barbie is sold ever half-second†(Dittmar, Halliwell, and Ive). Out of all Mattel profits, Barbie makes up approximately 80% of them. Barbie brings in such a high profit because she has always been seen as the ‘perfect woman’: perfect house, boyfriend, wardrobe, but most importantly a perfect body. However stated by Sakima Laksimi in ‘The Barbie Effect’, â€Å"the problem is little girls are growing up admiring this unrealistic icon. Barbie shows girls that to be perfect you need to be skinny. In today’s media being skinny is favored, but are these little girls any less because they don’t resemble this unrealistic doll? Of course not, but when skinny is all they see, that is what they want to be. The effects of being self conscious and unsatisfied with their body can follow a little girl even after childhood†. Many people do not see the underlying problem with Barbies, so it is important to bring awareness to her true message because it is extremely unhealthy for girls to follow. While young girls should be able to freely play with Barbie-dolls, it is sometimes necessary to make sure those dolls aren’t harmful to their self views. Barbie provides young girls with stereotypical gender roles. Abramason says,â€Å"Significant results would mean that exposure to Barbie could lower self-perceived ability and makes female stereotypes more salient†. This put the idea in girls heads that they will never achieve the same status of knowledge as boys, and if they do it is not â€Å"cool†, and if you aren’t â€Å"cool† you certainly can’t be â€Å"perfect† like Barbie. Many girls look at Barbie as an idol, so seeing her lack the brains in math makes them want to pursue the same. Girls should not count themselves out of school because a doll teaches them otherwise. If parents don’t believe Barbies have a negative impact on their daughters academic skills they need to make sure they try their hardest in school rather than reciting after a Barbie, that was released in 1992, â€Å"Math is tough†, shown in ‘The Pros and Cons of Barbie’. If a girl is told that math is though she will live it. It is understood that Barbie provides a role model for young girls to express their beauty; however parents must realize that along with her horrifying stereotypical attributes she shows girls that prioritizing surface beauty is the only thing that matters. Yes, if the dolls were modified girls might turn away, but once they realize it is still Barbie they will indulge it due to the strong bond girls have developed with her. Urla and Swedlund in ‘Barbie Blues’ discovered, â€Å"If Barbie were full size, her measurements would be 32-17-28, typical of a woman suffering from anorexia. Add to this anorexic frame her large gravity-defying breasts and you have a body ideal that is virtually impossible for a healthy, non-surgically altered woman to attain†. If young girls want to â€Å"grow up to be look like Barbie† there is a huge problem. There are so many anti-anorexia campaigns, yet we continue to sell a disproportionate doll for little girls to idolize. Gathered from The Pros and Cons of Barbie,â€Å"If Barbie were a real woman she would have a waistline 39 percent smaller than the average anorexic patient. Her fat-to-body-weight ratio would be below 17 percent, which is required for a woman to menstruate†.. Anorexia, the starving of oneself, forces the body to conserve energy because it lacks the energy it receives from food. Due to this, many  systems in the body are slowed down, and one of these systems is the reproductive system, because without energy your body systems can not function properly. Also a result from the energy conservation and the size of Barbies waist, wouldn’t provide a structure that could be humanly possible to live in. In, ‘The Pros and Cons of Barbie’, â€Å"Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea and eventually die from malnutrition†. This means a women with these measurements simply could not exist, but girls are still trying to achieve â€Å"Barbies look† because she is portrayed as â€Å"perfect†. Barbies should not continue to be sold with the current structure, as it is dwindling to a girls health. Many mothers argue that they turned out just fine playing with Barbie, so why wouldn’t there daughters? However, many mothers were born into a time where media advertised how to gain weight rather than lose it, for example â€Å"Wate-On†, which was advertised in newspapers during the 1960s! This caused them to be indirectly taught the idea of â€Å"more meat than bones†, so by the time they played with Barbies they dropped them when it was time to eat what was on the dinner table but even then, girls began to look at themselves negatively when Mattel came out with â€Å"the 1965 Slumber Party Barbie. She came with a book titled ‘How to Lose Weight’ which advised, ‘Don’t eat.’† (â€Å"The Pros and Cons†), this introduced the idea of wanting to look like Barbie. So, as these mothers who argue against modifying Barbies figure may not have become anorexic, they still suffered from negative body image when they were younger because of the barbies which were produce during their times. Girls now a days are surrounded by teeny women in spotlights, so they indirectly taught the importance of being thin, so with two sources of media hypnotizing them into becoming unhealthy and skinny these girls are at risk for a much higher chance for anorexia.  While television, music, newspapers, and other types of â€Å"adult† media can not be regulated to be in favor of young girls, Barbies can be. Adding on to young girls becoming more and more self conscious of their bodies, in 2006 research was conducted by The American Physiological Association comparing the Barbie-doll to the Emme-doll, which is a British toy that has realistic body measurements. It was discovered that the girls who played with Barbie had more body dissatisfaction. Dittmar, Halliwell, and Ive’s research explained: This demonstrates that it is not body-related information conveyed by dolls per se that has a direct impact on young girls’ body image, but by Barbie dolls specifically, which represent a distortedly thin body ideal. These ultra thin images not only lowered young girls’ body esteem but also decreased their satisfaction with their actual body size, making them desire a thinner body. This detrimental effect was evident already for girls from age 5  ½ to age 6  ½ but was more pronounced among 6  ½- to 7  ½- year-olds. At such a young age girls should not be worrying about what they look like, if at all. The bond that little girls have with Barbie is the cause of their low self-esteem. In conclusion, it is understood that little girls are expected to play with dolls, but they do not need to be exposed to a toy that takes a toll on their health in the long run. Girls should not base their body on a disproportionate doll, and if Barbie is going to continue to be the doll girls idolize it should be made into a realistic structured doll that promotes good health. Works Cited Abramson, Elise. Barbie Brains: The Effect of Barbie Dolls on Girls’ Perception of Male and Female Jobs. Oregon State University, 2009. Oregon State University Library. Web. 25 January 2014. Dittmar, Helga, Emma Halliwell, and Suzanne Ive. â€Å"Does Barbie Make Girls Want to Be Thin? The Effect of Experimental Exposure to Images of Dolls on the Body Image of 5- to 8-Year-Old Girls.† Developmental Psychology 47.2, 2006. Web. 25 January 2014. Sakina Laksimi.†The Barbie Effect.†Media Ecology. Mercy College, 2012. Web. 20 January 2014. Urla and Swedlund.â€Å"The Barbie Blues?† The Body Project. Bradley University, 2001.Web. 20 January 2014. â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Barbie and their Extreme Effect on Society .† Body Image, 2011. Web. 22 January 2014.

Multi Decision-Makers Equalizer Essay

A multi objective and multi decision-makers decision support system, which finds a balanced solution among different proposals made initially by the decision-makers, is presented here. The software, denominated multi decision-makers equalizer, balances the interests of the different decision-makers by inducing them to accept losses in certain objectives in exchange for gains in others. The method uses neither parameters of preference with an indirect meaning, such as the weights of relative importance, nor averages. It does not call for all the information at the beginning of the process, but through an iterative process of learning and exchange of information, it offers different possibilities. To begin with the decision support system helps each decision-maker, independently, to define his preferred alternative. The alternatives defined by the decision-makers will compete then among themselves, in a collective negotiation process, in order to define the final alternative to be implemented. (Drucker, 2005) In this initial stage of the process, a model named â€Å"Equalizer† helps each decision-maker, independently to find a non-dominated solution, in such a manner that the values achieved for the objectives are balanced according to his preferences in a similar way to that of the well-known equalizers of a music stereo component. In which, using visual aids, the decision-maker navigates over the Pareto Frontier. Given a point, the decision-maker can choose to improve one objective at the expense of another, increasing or diminishing the values achieved for the objectives to those he would be willing to accept. Once the new levels of achievements have been defined for certain objectives, the system obtains new values for the others, guaranteeing that the combination of the values achieved for the objectives is feasible and efficient (or non-dominated). This methodology assists the decision-maker in the understanding of the relationships in the feasible region of the problem being analyzed. During the search, the decision-maker is presented with information such as constraints, limitations, feasibilities, and efficient interchanges. It allows the decision-maker to begin learning and training process and progressively to select the preferred solution. In this manner he will be able to understand the system as an interrelated one, and to determine the levels at which he must sacrifice some objectives in order to improve others, and to observe the consequences of possible decisions. The method allows each decision-maker to propose to the whole group his preferred alternative. Once completed, the Multi decision-Maker Equalizer identifies the region for negotiation, which includes all the proposals, that is the part of the feasible region that envelops all the proposals, and assigns ranges of values for the objectives. The system defines a balanced solution according to these ranges as a temporary solution to the conflict. It is evaluated by all decision-makers, and if there is no agreement to the proposed solution, a new negotiation process is started. The method will allow each decision-maker, independently, to interact with the system, looking for a way to impel the process toward his interests, by making sacrifices in some objectives which may not be so important to him, but that could be very important to the others. Once the new proposals have been made, the method looks for a new agreement. The process is repeated until a definitive solution, which satisfies all the decision-makers, is reached. it is easier for a consensus to be reached. The method serves as a balancing mechanism, not only for the values achieved for the objectives but also for the decision-makers interests. Execution of Decisions The continuing reorganization of the bank’s procedures and departments was fueled by a growing understanding of the bank’s administration as an organic whole or system. Various organization charts, process charts, and routing diagrams documented this idea. They showed the management’s insight into the fact that its internal and external products were the result of the systematic processing of data and information through the whole organization. Moreover, this insight served to align more efficiently the primary criteria of the bank’s performance (with respect to making profit by satisfying its clients) and secondary criteria having to do with, for instance, balancing work speed and time taken for deliberation during the processing of actual transactions by employees. As far as we can deduce from the information available, this was not explicitly aimed at in ROBAVER. The new technology was not used to allow further division of labor or to remove employees further from decision making that would involve primary criteria. Employees were not made more automaton-like by the new technology. On the contrary, as we noted before, the direct contact that was established between the employees and customers meant that even at the lower levels of the organization, primary criteria had to be taken into account when making decisions. Summarizing, three of the four elements we distinguished have been shown to be present in the context of the reorganizations of ROBAVER in the introduction of the punched-card and other information technology. Improving the structure of the organization, and especially the communication flows, served to increase the accountability of the various departments, managers, and individual employees and also the possibilities of central management to monitor and control the organization as a whole in accordance with primary criteria. The more precise division of labor and tasks and functions of the employees at the departments allowed some measure of scientific management and the development of secondary criteria used to steer the behavior of employees. However, this was done in a way that encouraged the employees to make decisions involving, at least in part, primary criteria and taking the overall interests of the organization into account. In general, the employees were stimulated to come up with ideas useful to the organization. (Howard, & Matheson 2006)

An Information Technology System For a School Essay Example for Free

An Information Technology System For a School Essay To aid in investigation of the problem, two interviews were carried out. One was with the school principal, and the other with the school administrator. In preparation of the interviews a list of topics for discussion was drawn up, and included these checkpoints: * What the new system hopes to achieve, exactly. * The problems in the current system. * The methods currently employed to input data into the system. * The information that is required per file, i.e., for each student what fields will have to be input. * The format of the required output. * The volume of data expected, e.g., how many students are expected to enroll, or how many new teachers will be required. * Any hardware or software constraints, such as the new system only being able to run with a particular operating system. This interview was with the school’s principal, Mrs. Monica Stakich. It took place in her office, on appointment, and was as follows: Q: Mrs. Stakich, your school has built up quite a reputation of excellence over the years as shown by its grades. How do you intend to maintain this? A: Well, the school has always prided itself on its academic achievements, and this is due to our students being dedicated in their studies, which shows itself in the superior grades. We will be fine if we can continue this trend. Q: You are shifting to new custom-built premises and are also expanding your range of activities offered. Why have you made this decision? A: We are changing our status to an authorized ‘A’ level Center. As such, we will need the appropriate facilities to meet the requirements for this standard. Also, the school expects a significant increase in enrolments at both ‘O’ and ‘A’ Levels, so the space is needed to provide for these new students. Q: How many students do you currently have in your institution? And how many do you expect to enroll in the future? A: The school currently caters to a population of around 2500 students, but we expect an influx of around 1000 students next year. Q: How do you access a file of a student or a teacher? Do you find it yourself on your computer or does the secretary do it for you? A: I can access files of both students and customers from my own PC, as well as any other file, such as stationery, electricity bills, etc. But I must also focus more on the task of running the school itself, so I usually let my secretary handle all the files. She herself gets these files from the school system administrator. I only check a file myself if we need to consider carefully the person, or file in question, for example a teacher for an important position. Q: Thank you very much for your time, Mrs. Stakich. The interview, on analysis, showed the school to be result-driven, as indicated by the Headmistress’s comments. But more importantly, it also showed that she did not focus on the file input and retrieval system in particular herself, and on the school’s information system in general. The actual file control and handling was carried out by the system administrator, who could provide us with insight of the current system’s workings. An interview was arranged with Mr. Mark Glasse, the system administrator, in his office. Q: How long have you been working here, Mr. Glasse? A: Its been around four years since I started wok for the school. Q: How many times has the system been updated since you started work? Q: What changes had been made during these updates? A: Well, once we had to increase our disk space to around 10 GB to cope with increased student information on Health Cards, as was required by a new Government law. Another time we had to modify our input procedure, it being too manual, with almost unnecessary paperwork involved, so we had to purchase new input devices. And there was also the time when we had to call in a professional security company to install anti-hacking programs when our database was actually hacked into. Q: What input devices do you work with? How is output shown? A: I use a keyboard, a mouse, a web-camera and a scanner as input devices. Output is displayed on a monitor, or on a plotter as is appropriate. And, of course, I often have to print out some files using a laser printer. A: I use a Pentium 2, 333 MHz Processor, with 32 MB RAM, 4 GB hard disk with Windows 98 as my operating system. I also have other software such as MS Visual Studio and MS Office 2000 installed on my computer. Q: Mr. Glasse, what is the general procedure that you follow if you were asked to, for example, update a file? A: First of all, I would have to get an approved notice from someone in an authoritative position, for example the Headmistress, or the Head Administrator. This note would be attached to a Modification Form showing details of the file that needs to be updated. The authorization slip has to be filed into a drawer in my desk, and I just have to access the file using the code given on the Form and change the required fields. I have the Menu on my Desktop, Mrs. Stakich and I are the only ones who know the Password so I’ve never thought about changing it, once in the records I go to the Search Command to call up the file in question, and make the changes required. On exiting the database, I go have to fill out another form, a Proof Form, as it is known as, to acknowledge my action. This form then returns to the top-level to the individual who initially authorized it. Q: How often do errors occur using this procedure? A: As you can see, the system is designed in such a way that carrying out the procedure makes it prone to errors. We’re still lucky to have a few students and teachers, basically small files is what I mean to say, which do not have to be updated too often, so they aren’t too many mistakes. Even if there are, they can easily be located and corrected due to the small size of our database. Q: OK, now what about the plus points of this system? For example, is it easy to use? Is it efficient? Do you feel that you yourself are performing at an optimum level with this system? A: Ill have to think this question over. Yes, for sure it is easy to use. I just have to type in an identifier code for each record, and the particular record is searched for and displayed. Its that simple. I don’t think its efficient though. As the number of files increases the system takes longer and longer to search the database to produce the results I was looking for. It only follows that I myself feel I am under-performing at my job, as some time will definitely be wasted in waiting for results. Q: Are you satisfied with the system performing only these functions? A: Yes, I am. I would like it to be faster though, and even up-to-date, technologically speaking. Q: Thank you, Mr. Glasse, for your cooperation. You’ve been a great help. This interview was more enlightening than the one with Mrs. Stakich, for we were able to focus on the technical side of the school’s database system. Certain glaring shortcomings of the current system came to light, such as a very limited database size, as indicated by the system being upgraded the first time. This further tells us that the system itself, with all its components, is out-of-date. In such a state, it may also be incompatible with other systems, should it be desired to connect to these for data exchange purposes. Another significant weakness is the fact that the third upgrade was for security reasons, which means that the Password Protection was initially low. Mr. Glasse also said that it takes longer to search for a required field if there are many records – this is only fair, but there aren’t too many records right now, so we can expect the system to have some sort of linear search function in operation, unsuitable for large databases. The program, although performing just a few main functions, is slow, again pointing to its near obsoleteness. Its low productivity has an effect on the human element involved, as Mr. Glasse himself feels as if he has not fully achieved his full potential. Lack of motivation could cause further falls in productivity. The system also has standard input devices (mouse and keyboard), as well as standard output devices (printer, scanner and plotter), needed to process data and produce the desired results. The system also runs on a fairly fast processor, as given by the computer’s configuration. However it is unlikely that the system uses any of the other software packages (apart from the Wi ndows 98 operating system) so these, as powerful as they are, aren’t being utilized. Based on the knowledge gained in these interviews, it is possible to finalize the main shortcomings of the system currently in use: The disk space used for storage of data is relatively small as it needed to be upgraded beforehand. With all the new enrolments expected, as well as other related increases, such as electricity and water, teachers’ salaries, etc the available disk space will not be sufficient. Security forms an important part of any system, and the fact that the database was hacked into shows just how weak security really is. The password used seems to be outdated and it is likely that people other than those authorized know it. Laxed security is especially important here as we are dealing with the personal records of students and teachers, not to mention important transactions such as total fees received, expenses, and so on. So security, despite being of paramount importance, isn’t given the priority it should be. The normal procedure to accomplish a single task is lengthy and time-consuming. It also involves unnecessary paperwork. This would exhibit itself as delays in processing, as a single instruction would have to be passed through many stages before being received by the sender once again as feedback. As seen from the interview, Mr. Glasse uses a relatively fast processor. Despite this speed, we still find that the speed of running the system is slow especially when new records are added. This means that the components of the system itself are slow and outdated. This weakness especially comes into focus when we consider the fact that nowadays systems are rarely independent. One system has to be connected to at least one more system, with data exchange taking place between these. However, if their speeds are not compatible they will not be able to function at their optimum level. If the system were to exchange information over the Internet then this incompatibility could become a problem. 1) To provide quick access to the files in the database. Many files will now be in the system and it is necessary that they be reached quickly. 2) To maintain a higher level of security. This ensures that the database is viewed and controlled only by those who have the proper authority to do so. 3) To minimize ‘red tape’ involved in making changes to the records. The previous system involved a lot of paperwork and proved to be costly in terms of time (therefore money), so this new system aims to reduce that by quickly and efficiently processing an instruction. 4) To be user-friendly. Step-by-step guidance ensures that the user can easily find his way around the database to perform the desired task. A Flowchart of how data would be passed along the new system is as follows: Standard input devices, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a scanner and a web-camera will be needed for this system to operate (the mouse and keyboard are the main ones, the others for inputting photos and such graphics). Output devices will be plotters and printers. Hardware: The CPU requirement for this system include at least 100 MHz Pentium processor and 16 MB RAM. Software: It is necessary to have an operating system such as Windows 98 as well as MS Visual Basic program installed, as this is the front-end program to be used for this system, with Access 7.0 being the back-end program. The user will be Mr. Glasse, and his computer already exceeds the requirements for this system to function efficiently. His IT skills will also be relevant: since he already has MS Office 97 installed he will already know the basics behind Access 7.0 and should find no problem in entering the data. It must be remembered that the system to be developed is intended to replace the outdated system in current use. The current system is slow, inefficient and incompatible. Its replacement will be better than it in all these respects, and should bring the database up to the level of technology today. An Information Technology System For a School. (2017, Jul 30). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Discuss the significance of cycle time to quality Essay

Discuss the significance of cycle time to quality - Essay Example This involves move time, wait time, processing time, execution time, inspection time and only the first which creates value. The result of cycle time increase comes along attributed to poor quality in the component parts, poor layout plan, and inadequate availability of resources and finally poor sequencing of activities. It is notable that there exist relationship between cycle time and quality of a process or a product. This relationship is focused in the context of management on customer process and the key major area of concern is to reduce cycle time to achieve good quality. From this companies and organizations achieve competitive advantage by reducing cycle time which maintaining high quality (Evans, 2010). Scope and overview of cycle time and quality It is notable that in competitive corporate markets there is increasing demand for more rapid response to clients and customers, shorter product and service and its cycle time. The fast response attributed to shorter cycle time i s one of core quality attribute. Reducing the cycle times and rapid response to customers usually results when processes, tasks, functions and job whereby all are designed to achieve high quality as well as response goals. To achieve the desired quality all the designs, activities, processes measuring the cycle time and responsiveness (Roman Gumzej, 2010). Response and cycle time improvements have been highly associated to improvements in quality which is a core component of gaining competitive advantage as well as improved productivity. Therefore it can be argued that managers need to consider response time, productivity and quality in all their strategic plans. Cycle time and quality Cycle time one of the core competitiveness factors in the context of quality that is mainly focused for improvement. It is notable that fast and reduced cycle time improves customer satisfaction as well as the internal management operations of a company or organization. Cycle time improvement is a cor e aspect of total quality management and the core major relationship is that a fast cycle time and improves quality mutually reinforces one another. In regard to customer satisfaction these include cost ownership, quality product features and on-time delivery. For internal management operations of an organization includes quality improvement in regard to time-to-market on products, improving product costs, employee morale and development expense (Roman Gumzej, 2010). Other competitive factors taken into account cycle time improvement are among those who are highly emphasized. It is notable that improving cycle time increases product and service quality. This brings in the assertion that faster cycle time and improved product and service quality are mutually reinforcing each other. This is attributed to the fact that faster and reduced cycle time reinforced with improved feedback loop for quality. This mainly results into a fast rate of service and product quality improvement. On the other hand higher quality usually improves the cycle time because less effort is used in executing work. Cycle time and quality improvement The cycle-time improvement factors should be consistent with the total quality guidance and procedures. These guidelines and procedures consist of various cycle time reduction tools. In the context of production and manufacturing industry, just-in-time strategy and simultaneous execution of operations is adopted. These

Business Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Business Planning - Essay Example This essay explores the aspects are reckoned to be outlining a brief explanation of the business, conducting industry analysis with due consideration to the prevailing competition, identifying appropriate target market as well as framing marketing plan and preparing budget showcasing a quality financial plan. In terms of findings, it is worth mentioning that there is a significant probability of the above-selected business idea to attain success in future in the respective industry, as the consumption rate of juices is identified to increase over the next few years in the UK. From the perspective of financial analysis, a budget of  £10,000 has been duly considered for the newly adapted business idea, which would eventually assist in estimating the actual costs to be incurred and the profits to be gained after offering the respective products and/or services to the customers in the initial years of its operations. Finally, a realistic financial plan has been drawn for the new ventur e, which would aid the business to measure its financial viability efficiently in future. In this present day context, huge variations in the food choices of people living in different regions throughout the globe are becoming increasingly identifiable. This might be owing to the reason that the people living in this contemporary world have become much health conscious to remain fit and live a longer life. Thus, with this concern, in this health-conscious era, the business idea has been taken into consideration, for the production and the distribution of fresh juices obtained from the fresh fruits those are not native to the UK. It can be apparently observed in this similar regard that there lays the presence of several juice bars in varied regions of the nations in the world that serve apple, orange, strawberry and other fruit flavored juices to their respective customers worldwide. However, the least number of ventures in this modern business setting are noted to serve fresh juice s obtained from various tropical fruits that deliver health benefits to the people.

Does the state control capitalism, or does capitalism control the Essay

Does the state control capitalism, or does capitalism control the state Answer by referring to at least two authors - Essay Example Introduction There are several definitions about the government forms of capitalism; however, many scholars have narrowed the definitions into two distinct perceptions. Firstly, capitalism can be described as a form of an economic system where the government controls all the means of production and the trade industry. In such a situation the government tends to use all the possible production means to exploit the citizens at the interest of the state.1 Russia is one of the major countries practicing this kind of capitalism where all projects are initiated by the government, financed by the state and the revenues collected are contained by the state.2 The second distinction entails a condition where the government controls private capital firms such that, the operations are defined and controlled by some acts or policies enacted by the government. However, the level of control in private firms would now greatly depend on the extent of the government involvement. ... An evidenced by countries such as the United States where the government control on private firms has resulted in an economic crisis that can be backdated all the way back to the early 60s, it can be seen that even if the general control of the private firms is left in the hand of the owners, the government will always find a way of establishing control by using various tools such as the sneaking in of policies aimed at imposing regulations that will allow them to effect more control. In the essence of war, the government always ensures the all the necessary elemental bodies concerned with the provision of war materials are prepared in time. In addition to this, most governments step in to control farmers produce and food production industries with an aim of sustainining its’ citizen during the warfare; this is a clear indication of how the government engagement in capitalism ends up in its controlling the economy. Several questions have been raised as to whether the governmen t maintains good roles pertaining to capitalism. However, several results indicate competition is controlled so as to create capitalism and this is different from the other forms of capitalism. Capitalism is never simply engaged in the collection of revenue, but the state officials would exercises extreme exploitation of the workers which, is very contrary to the interest of the society.3 General state control on capitalism Despite the fact that individual ownership of private organizations has been in existence for quite sometimes now, most governments participate actively in the regulation of the operation and control of vital industries such as the ones concerned with the production of food and exports amongst others. Most economists point out that the state can become a very

Election Primaries in Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Election Primaries in Israel - Essay Example Due to the country’s unique security needs and political fragmentation, Likud and Labour parties have in some cases formed a coalition government. Likud will elect its candidate for prime minister for the next election in January 31, 2012. Since elections in Israel are held every four years, the primaries for Likud party are also held every four years in order to get the candidate who will represent the party in the next general election to become the prime minister hence forming the government. Vorobev (2010) explains that the party’s constitution requires that leadership primaries should be held up to six months prior to the general elections. In the primaries, members of the party who have the right to vote meet so as to vote their candidate for the next election. These members come from all parts of the country. The party begins the process by identifying the electorate, that is, the body that selects the candidates to be involved in the primaries depending on vario us party criteria. The Israel Democracy Institute (2011) observes that the election of the candidate is often based on the ideology of the candidate and his or her position on various issues relating to Israel such as foreign policy, the Israel—Palestine conflict. ... rael Labour Party constitution requires that primaries should be held so that the candidate for next election is identified to compete with candidates from other parties. The constitution has set a 40% threshold for the candidates; candidates should win with 40% of all votes casted in the primaries in order to be candidates for the party. In an event that the persons vying for the candidature of the party do not attain the 40% threshold, a second round of the election is held (Vorobev, 2010). The two candidates with the best results from the first round battle each other out in the second round. The winner of the primaries also becomes the automatic chairman of the party (The Israel Democracy Institute, 2011). Primaries in 3 parties in other Countries Apart from Israel, there are other countries across the world whose parties hold primary elections. This discussion will focus on the three parties namely; the Democrat Party in the United States, the French Socialist Party in France, a nd the Radical Civic Union in Argentina. In regard to the Democrat Party, just like the Republican Party, the other major party in the US, it conducts national conventions in order to elect the party’s presidential candidate for the next election. Norrander (2010) notes, the conventions are held in each state of the US where the presidential candidates are elected by each state’s delegates. This is usually preceded by a series demonstrations and speeches in support of each party’s candidate. The candidate who is first to receive the leading majority of delegates votes eventually becomes the presidential candidate of the party (Norrander, 2010). After being elected as the candidate of the party to run for presidency is then supposed to select the vice president from one of the party

Why did the United States fail to sign the Treaty of Versailles Research Paper

Why did the United States fail to sign the Treaty of Versailles - Research Paper Example In fact, he worked a lot for that to happen but the end result did not turn out as he had wished. The United States did not sign the treaty because Wilson did not have the vote of all the Senate members. Wilson required constitutionally mandated two-thirds vote for ratification which he did not get. Henry Cabot Lodge and Alfred Beveridge were highly against the treaty. Lodge was a Republican and the Senate majority leader and Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, thus holding a lot of power and responsibility. The failure of the United States to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and, eventually, join the League of Nations is a story of conflict. However, no matter where the focus is on – personalities, political parties and branches of government, or ideas and institutions, Wilson certainly did lie at the crux. It was his overweening confidence in the view that he held of the world that he dealt with which formed the basis of the defeat of the very tool that he had devise d in order to secure the world of future wars. Clemenceau once said bitterly: â€Å"Talk with Wilson! How can I talk to a fellow who thinks himself the first man in two thousand years to know anything about peace on earth?† and â€Å"I get on with you. You are practical.... Wilson was a visionary reared with a strong moral background. While others wanted to punish Germany, Wilson wished to get rid of the old system and come up with a new world order which would not treat Germany like a defeated enemy; instead he wanted to her to be like others, a partner of the new system he had envisioned. On the other hand, Clemenceau did not wish to end the old system but rather to make it stronger to build peace, and this meant that the conquerors would divide the spoils to come up with a reimbursement as satisfactory as possible to their respective nation’s requirements. History has paid substantial attention on the personal enmity that existed between Wilson and Lodge, and, from the consequences that we have seen it is clear that there was, in fact, a lot of political animosity between them4. It should also be considered, however, that they had opposite views regarding the issues of the day and thus their political behavior showed varied opinions. From the way Lodge was repudiating the President it seemed that it was his behavior rather than genuine ideological opposition. Instead of coming up with actual and meaningful debate that would list the reasons why the treaty should not be signed, Lodge kept delaying action by reading – word-for-word – the language of the Treaty5 6. Therefore, what it resulted in was just endless criticism that took about six weeks of public hearing. For the Senate Foreign Relation Committee he chose those senators whom he thought would go against the treaty. After the committee had reported the Treaty to the full Senate they did so after burdening it with corrections which Lodge had said were necessary to adopt and

Sociological Imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sociological Imagination - Essay Example capacity to shift from one perspective to another; the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate features of the human self – and to see the relations between the two of them. (1959: 9) The theorist is of the view that social change is an inevitable phenomenon that takes place in all human societies of the globe at large from the most primitive to the most modern ones. This social change, according to the theorist, may be the outcome of some immediate incident or catastrophe as well as the historical background of the society where the change is going to come about. Such transformation can alter the entire social environment including the prevailing social norms and traditions existing within a social set up. Mills believed that the persons need to have an understanding of the history of their society to understand the society, and themselves in it, and through this determine what their moral values are.  (Quoted in members.oz email.com.au) Hence, the latest or upcoming change can be estimated by looking into the traits and characteristics of transformations took place in the society in past. Since social change is inevitable in every culture and civilization and has been in vogue for centuries everywhere in the world, it vehemently revolutionizes professional, domestic, cultural and religious milieu. Though the pace, causes and consequences of such cultural transformations may be divergent in nature, scope and exposure, yet these are sure to pave the way towards adaptation of new ways, style and approaches in their wake. It sometimes happens that one single event or incident may bring revolutionary changes in social establishment. For instance, wars and hostilities inflicted by the big powers upon the weak countries deteriorate the very foundations of the vanquished states; as the lust of the western countries to capture the wealth and territories of the financially rich but strategically weak countries of Asia

Sports Development and Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports Development and Governance - Essay Example This paper analyses practices as well as challenges facing development as well as governance of sports in Russia. The Russian complete governmental leadership, educational, scientific, as well as medical assistance that is aimed at maximization of mass fitness as well as best performance in sport is guided by the organizational as well as the philosophical ideologies that were inherited from the former Soviet Union as well as the Tsarist Empire by the present day Russia. Governance refers to the manner in which bodies that govern get controlled as well as directed. The mechanism of governance, for instance organizational structure, formal documents, specify the manner in which power, rights, responsibility and authority are distributed amongst participants with an aim of monitoring performance as well as achieving goals. Good governance encompass several characterizes which include participatory, equitable and inclusive, responsive, and consensus orientation (Thomas, et al., 2008, P.12). A clear direction that aligns with the mission and vision for the organization. Russia did well in sports before the Soviet Union era. When the Soviet Union and this was due to the fact that at the time, organizations governing sports had a clear direction, which aligned with the vision and mission of the sports industry. Since 1998, soviet sport authorities directs a mass national spartakiards, which encompass more than the Olympic Games sports types. This has been improved on and on up to year 12011. The youth spartakiad of 2011 had 4 competition levels: individual educational institutions, regional an municipal levels, then culminating at national levels. Preparations for Olympics begins 5 years earlier preparation plans for athletes integrate training programmes, training calendars and medal objective. These plans of things show a clear direction

Stoke Moran Essay Example for Free

Stoke Moran Essay In this essay I am going to compare contrast two detective stories. A pre-twentieth century story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle called The Speckled Band a modern story by Colin Dexter called Neighbourhood Watch. I will describe the language, characters, social and historical context, Style, the plot, similarities and differences between the two. I will also state which I prefer why. The Speckled Band starts off with Miss Stoner going to Sherlock Holmess house and asking for his help. She tells him of her sisters death and of how her sister had heard a whistle at night for the past week or so. On the night of her death there was a loud scream of terror and just after a whistle Miss Stoner went to inspect quickly but as she neared her sisters room she stumbled out and said silently a speckled band. Miss Stoner was quite worried because her sister was soon to be married and now so is she. As soon as she left Dr Roylott came barging in wanting to know what Miss Stoner had come to see Holmes for. Holmes tried to put off answering Dr Roylott and answered with something about the weather. In disgust Dr Roylott picked up Holmess poker and bent it then he left. Once Dr Roylott left Holmes picked up his poker and bent it back as straight as possible in one go. Holmes and Watson soon left for Stoke Moran which is the home to DR Roylott and Miss Stoner who live with one servant. But they told the dog cart driver that took them there that they were archaeologists and were interested in the building itself. They got off the dog cart near the plantation that was on Dr Roylotts land. He let some gypsies live there and often used to go with them on voyages and trips. When Holmes started to look at the rooms he began in Miss Stoners room which was supposed to be having some repairs done to the wall because the builders punctured the wall while doing repairs in the other wing of the house. When Holmes looked at it there wasnt any repairs done to the wall and nothing wrong with it either. Holmes soon went on to the next room which was currently being used by Miss Stoner Holmes automatically noticed the ventilator and told Watson that he knew that it was somewhere near due to the fact that the dead sister could smell Dr Roylotts cigars and could hear things that Dr Roylott was doing and that meant there was some kind of connection between the rooms and a ventilator would be one of them. He also noticed that the bed was bolted to the floor which could not be moved, also there was a bell-pull which didnt ring a bell and Holmes noticed it was a dummy instantly. Holmes left that room and investigated Dr Roylotts room. He noticed only a few things but the things he noticed were a safe a saucer of milk and a lash curled up making a loop of whipcord. Holmes asked what was in the safe and Miss Stoner replied papers. She told him that she had seen inside and that was what was inside. Holmes wondered to himself in a thick cloud of smoke from his pipe. What was the milk for? Dr Roylott may have had it for his pet cheetah but a saucer wouldnt have been enough for a huge cat like that. Holmes and Watson arranged to come back after Dr Roylott had retired to his room for the night Miss Stoner would signal for them once Dr Roylott had gone to bed for the night. Holmes and Watson waited for the signal at a nearby Crown Inn. When the signal came they went up to Stoke Moran and Miss Stoner let them into her dead sisters room for the night. Holmes and Watson waited into the early hours of the morning waiting for something to happen. Soon enough Holmes got up and hit the bell-rope. Soon after there was a whistle and they soon found Dr Roylott dead and a poisonous snake in his room. In the story Neighbourhood Watch Morse begins in a pub called the Kings Arms taking his lunch hour while looking at a near 30 year old brunet when a Dr Ullman turns up and tells everybody about what had happened. He said that he had gone to the opera and when he had returned his car wasnt in the drive way. He was very worried and phoned the police although they werent much help. A few days had passed and his car had returned back in his drive with a note and an opera ticket worth i 40. Morse was quite surprised and Dr Ullman read the note. The note said Sorry for any inconvenience very sorry indeed. I just had to have a car and yours was there. Its had a shampoo and I filled the petrol tank unleaded, like it says in handbook. Your little car saved my bacon, thats the truth, and Im grateful. Please then do me the honour of accepting the enclosed ticket. I know you like the opera. I wasnt quite sure what performance to choose but Wagner is the king for me, and in my opinion Die Valkurie is the greatest thing he ever wrote. Enjoy your evening and thanks again. Morse found it quite strange for a car to be taken and not even a scratch on it in fact quite the opposite, it looked brand new. Morse soon left and set up a surveillance operation watching over Dr Ullmans house. When it was time to go round the opera Morse and Lewis were already there not very far into the surveillance operation a woman went in and posted something. Morse thought it was a free paper. Lewis soon wanted to go in but Morse told him to wait. Soon after that a man opened the gates and went and took something out of the letterbox it was a key then they noticed that it was Dr Ullman. Morse and Lewis were quite surprised to see Dr Ullman back in his home before the opera was finished. They both went home. Morse walked 300 yards home and Lewis took the van home. When Morse got home he noticed something on the table. A note. It read Sorry for the inconvenience very sorry indeed. It was the only thing worth pinching and Im hoping Ill get a good price for it. Morse leaped up the stairs to see if his tables were gone and they had. Morse phoned the police to tell them that he had been burgled the officer told Morse that it had already been reported by Dr Ullman. He said that he lived near by. Dr Ullman had got the number plate of the white self hire van. Morse went around to Dr Ullmans house and he explained all that had happened. The Language of the two stories is different in many ways. Nowadays we dont use dog carts and dont have bell-ropes in our houses like in the Speckled Band, also we dont write 70 word sentences like In glancing over my notes of Stoke Moran. We also dont call our bedroom a chamber anymore. We dont use phrases like would fain draw a little closer to the fire. Not many houses even have a proper fire in their homes nowadays anyway. The Morse story mainly contains modern language and some slang like genuine enough I reckon and so this chap this is completely differently from the 70 word sentences that are in the Speckled Band. Neighbourhood Watch contains many modern words like Tupperware, new alarm system, white self hire van or even NHS hearing aid. That makes it obvious that Neighbourhood Watch is not set in the same time period as The Speckled Band. The old words in The Speckled Band make it feel rather strange. Maybe its because I dont understand some of them but the new modern words that are in Neighbourhood Watch and everyday life dont add much of any thing to the story.

Energy Drink Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Energy Drink Lab Report Essay As a result of conducting various qualitative chemical analysis tests, Monster Energy  ® was found to contain a large amount of reducing sugars and NaCl. It was found to be void of proteins and lipids. Further, Canada Dry  ® gingerale was found to contain a large amount of reducing sugars, while being void of protein, lipids and NaCl. The components of the Monster Energy drink tested were quite congruent to the components found in the other energy drinks. The exceptions, however, were that SugarFree Rockstar, like the name suggests, contains no traces of sugar, unlike Monster Energy. Also, unlike other energy drinks, Monster Energy contained detectable traces of sodium chloride. The components of gingerale were also quite similar to the components found in other beverages. However, it contained no protein or lipids, unlike chocolate milk, and had a large amount of simple sugars, unlike Vitamin Water and Tea. In short, the chemical assays do not fully support the marketing claims made by the energy drink producers. They show that none of the energy drinks tested contain proteins, which build, maintain and help replace tissues in the body. Also, all energy drinks (with the exception of Sugar Free Rockstar) showed that these drinks contain large amounts of simple (reducing) sugars. None of the energy drinks contain fats, which actually provide the body with 2x the amount of energy per gram than carbohydrates and proteins. Finally, Monster Energy was the only drink that contained NaCl. Through research, it was found that NaCl maintains the â€Å"sodium-potassium pump† in the body. This important mechanism consists of the sodium ion (an electrolyte) going into cells and potassium coming out, which then releases energy. These conclusions go to show that, while the energy drink â€Å"producers† claim to offer a product rich in energy-inducing ingredients, they have not, by any mea ns, included a fuller scope of  nutrients that would truly have the potential to bring energy. Whereas their claims range from â€Å"being the meanest energy supplement on the planet† to â€Å"increasing endurance, concentration and reaction speed,† really, sugar is the only thing that appears consistently in detectable amounts, being a source of very temporary, short-term energy. It could be helpful to have tested to for amino acids see whether there was a detectable quantity of amino acids in the energy drinks. Amino acids being the components of proteins, it is inferred that they are more easily absorbed that proteins. Perhaps knowing whether there was a detectable quantity of amino acids could also contribute to the idea of the effectiveness/ ineffectiveness of the energy drinks. A possible test that could be done here is the â€Å"Ninhydrin Test.† Ninhydrin detects ammonia and the amine groups in amino acids. So, in the presence of â€Å"free† amino acids, Ninhydrin would turn purple. Conclusion and Evaluation Given what I’ve learned in this lab, I believe that I would not ever purchase the energy drinks available on the market. Surely, they are advertised as being infused with exotic herbal extracts, powerful vitamins, and the like; however, today’s lab showed that the only ingredient the energy drinks provide in abundance is sugar. For the price it costs to purchase a drink scarcely containing energy-providing substances (ex. proteins, lipids, etc.) other than sugar, I believe it is economically â€Å"not worth it†. Besides, drinking such great quantities of extra sugar is quite counter-productive and likely to cause weight gain in itself. I cannot consider energy drinks a â€Å"natural alternative† to either sports drinks (like Gatorade) or energy-providing foods, and will thus stay away from these blatantly consumed â€Å"energy† drinks. Sources of Error, Suggestions for Improvement This qualitative chemical analysis of energy drinks lab was well conducted. Many variables were kept constant (such as the volume of energy drink being tested each time, the room temperature, and the time waited before recording final observations, etc.). This helped in eliminating sources of both random  and systematic error. To improve this lab, perhaps a spot-plate or even a petri dish could be used in doing the Biuret Test, the Benedict’s Test and the Silver Nitrate Test. With the energy drink sample being tested in these apparatuses, a greater surface area of the sample would be exposed to the â€Å"testing solution†- as opposed to the narrow test tube. It is known that an increase in surface area increases the rate of reaction; thus using spot-plates would ensure a greater reaction â€Å"completion† by the time final observations are recorded (Note: the waiting time for recording observations is kept constant: 2 minutes). Results would be more obvious, in terms of physical appearance, and can be assumed to be more accurate when using both the smaller volume of energy drink and a spot plate to contain it.

Consultation Skills In Relation To Nurse Prescribing

Consultation Skills In Relation To Nurse Prescribing Nurse prescribing was translated into reality in the latter part of the 1990s when a cohort of about 1,200 nurses received specialist training in order to allow them to feel confident and competent in the prescription of certain drugs and medications. In the best traditions of scientific endeavour, they were subject to a barrage of audits and studies to see how they actually performed. As in any new project there were inevitable protagonists and detractors and the initial results of the first eight studies were extremely positive. (Legge 1997) the accumulative results of the initial studies showed that nurse prescribing had been proved in terms of safety, efficacy and improved working practices. The reports did not make any comment upon the cost-effectiveness of the prescribing as the cohort studied was too small for statistical analysis. The head of the evaluation team (Prof. Luker 1997) commented that at best, nurse prescribing should be cost neutral why should it be any cheaper? By 2000, the first comparative studies were emerging with sufficient cohort size to give a meaningful evaluation of the scope and efficiency of nurse prescribing. Venning (et al 2000) compared efficiency and cost of a cohort of nurse prescribers with doctors in the same geographical area. The study cohort was over 1,300 patients. This particular study was extensive in its analysis and many of the results are not particularly relevant to the subject of this essay, but the significant outcomes showed that there was no significant difference in health outcome, prescribing patterns or prescribing cost. Nurse prescribing was therefore proving itself to be both an effective and efficient resource for the NHS. (Little et al 1997) Consultation and communication skills Empowerment and education of patients is now well recognised as an important goal but most healthcare professionals. (Richards 1999) it follows that if patients are to be involved then their particular priorities must be ascertained and addressed, usually in the mechanism of the consultation. A frequent finding in many of the studies on the subject is the fact that patients tend to prefer prescribers (nurses or doctors) who listen and also allow them to discuss their problems in an unhurried fashion. (Editor BMJ 2000) This essay is particularly directed to the issue of consultation skills in relation to nurse prescribing. Although we have briefly examined the overall issues of nurse prescribing, the consultation is obviously the core skill required to establish the diagnosis and therefore the appropriate treatment and prescription. Many studies have looked at the influence of communication skills on prescribing and other factors related to the consultation. (Richards 1999) Many authorities (Butler et al 1998) advise that the prime skills associated with the prescribing process are: Adequate exploration of the patients worries Adequate provision of information to the patient regarding the natural processes of the disease being treated The advisability of self-medication in trivial illness The various alarm symptoms that should be notified to indicate that there may be problems with the treatment. (Welschen et al 2004) These various aspects are explored further in a particularly well written and informative book by Platt and Gordon (1999) it reflects on the fact that doctors and nurses are not generally particularly well trained in the art of communication skills. In the words of the author we re not very good at transmitting information, and were no better at picking up the signals that patients try to send. Critically, they make the point that individual prescribers are not particularly good at varying their approach to the different type of patient. Clearly, the better the level of perceived empathy between prescriber and patient, the greater the level of compliance is likely to be. This is likely to be reflected in greater patient satisfaction, greater compliance with instructions generally and improved outcomes and again, in the words of the authors fewer lawsuits This particular book highlights and gives practical advice on all of the common pitfalls of prescriber patient communication. The way that prescribers will often duck issues where they feel uncomfortable or feel that their knowledge is not particularly sound, or perhaps fail to respond to the distress signals sent out (either verbally or non-verbally) by the patient. They also highlight the dangers of closing the conversation early due to pressure of time and not adequately exploring ambiguous answers. The hostile and the heart-sink patient can be a particular headache to the prescriber and inappropriate decision can be made unless great care is taken to specifically tackle these issues. (RPSGB 1997) Some commentators in the field of nurse prescribing have refered to the fact that the skills of communication, when they have been taught, have concentrated mainly on the fields of history taking and diagnosis. The issue of communication in relation to prescribing has received much less prominence. (Elwyn et al.2000) The paper by Cox (et al.2000) found that it was common practice for prescribers to initiate the discussions about just what medication there were going to prescribe, rarely refer to the medicine by name and equally rarely refer to how a newly prescribed medication is perceived to differ in either action or purpose, to those previously prescribed. Patient understanding is rarely checked as it is usually assumed after the prescriber has given the prescription. Even when invited to do so, patients seldom take the opportunity to ask questions. (Cox et al 2000) The same author found that prescribers would emphasise the positive benefits of the medication far more frequently than they would discuss the risks and precautions, despite the fact that the patients perception was that such a discussion is seen as essential. In summary, this leaves a situation which is open to misinterpretation, uncertainty as a result of unadressed worries and for patients to be ambivalent towards the medication that they have been prescribed. (Drew et al. 2001). It clearly is not a situation which one could have confidence that the patient has a sound knowledge base about his treatment and has a positive attitude towards compliance. The point relating to communication failure resulting in poor treatment outcome (primarily in relation to non-adherence to treatment instructions) was explored in depth in an excellent paper by Britten (et al 2000). The various consultation skills were critically analysed and broken down into 14 different categories of misunderstanding. In short, all of the failures of communication were associated with a lack of the patients participation in the consultation process. Significantly, all of these 14 categories were associated with potential or even actual less than optimal Outcomes as they resulted in either inappropriate prescribing or inadequate treatment adherence. It was very significant that the authors concluded that many of the errors were associated with assumptions or guesses on the part of the healthcare professional, and in particular a lack of awareness of the relevance of patients ideas and beliefs which influenced their compliance with the prescribed treatment. (Elder et al 2004) There is evidence that failure to actively engage in, or even consider, the patient s perspective is a common failing amongst prescribers. (Britten et al 2000). Many take the view that simply arriving at and stating a diagnosis is sufficient credibility for the provision of a prescription. Even when drug therapy is considered essential (such as insulin and thyroxin) many patients will experiment with dosages and drug-free periods. (Barry et al. 2000). It follows that such experimentation is likely to be all the greater when medication is used when the benefits are less immediate (eg. In prophylaxis).If the prescriber is aware of these factors, it will undoubtedly help to achieve compliance if they are overtly addressed during the consultation process. Concordance vs. compliance Elwyn (et al 2003) took a slightly different approach with regard to the consultation process and prescribing. They advocate the process of concordance which is described as the process whereby there is a negotiation between the patient and the prescriber which involves a discussion about the perceived benefits and drawbacks of the proposed medication, together with an exchange of beliefs and expectations. This terminology reflects not only a change in emphasis but also a change in attitude of the prescriber. This area used to be termed compliance which was a reflection of the now outmoded concept of implicit power and authority invested in the prescriber. The term was seen as being authority laden (Marinker 1997) where it was expected that patients complied implicitly and without question when a prescription was given. There was little acceptance that patients would actively participate in the decision making process that surrounded the generation of the prescription. (Cox et al. 2002) At this point in time, there is little published evidence that this process actually leads to improved clinical outcome measures, but consideration of ethical principles would allow us to conclude that the involvement of patients will inevitably result in safer and better patient care. (Elwyn et al. 1999) If we examine this argument further, any healthcare professional will appreciate that a great deal of modern medical treatment involves prescribing in one form or another. We also know that a substantial proportion of the medication that is currently prescribed is not taken or, worse still, inappropriately utilised. (Haynes et al 2003). Careful research shows that where this occurs it is primarily due to a conflict between the prescribers views and those of the patient. (Britten et al 2003). Further studies have shown that where prophylactic (or preventative) prescribing has occurred the situation is statistically worse. One can presume that this is mainly because, in these conditions the patient tends to be asymptomatic and therefore the perceived need to take medication may well be less. Again, this reflects a failure of communication between patient and prescriber. (Coulter 2002) As a result of this, the prescriber, in general terms, has to be aware of the possibility of what is know, in academic circles, as intentional dissent. The patient may choose to actively disagree with the prescribers instructions because they may either have become party to other information about the medication, or because they may have experienced some side effect and, being not fully appraised of the reasons for taking prophylaxis, may simply choose to discontinue it. (Barry et al. 2000) Conclusions The last decade has seen important strides forward in the field of nurse prescribing. The success of this venture would strongly argue that it will progress further still in the future. Hand in hand with this success goes the realisation that nurse prescribing carries with it a responsibility to fully understand the issues that relate the act of prescribing to the eventual treatment outcome, together with the factors that tend to confound such linkage. The progressive acceptance of the paradigm of concordance (by all prescribers not just nurse prescribers) offers all healthcare professionals a mechanism to move towards ever safer and more successful prescribing. Accurate identification of the patients perspectives, needs and beliefs and then the addressing of any significant differences between these and the prescribers requirements, are seen to be progressively more important in the successful delivery of nurse prescribed health care. The advent of nurse prescribing brings added responsibility to the more traditional role of the nurse. It is important not to neglect the importance of the role of reflective practice in this area (Gibbs 1998). It is not just the act of writing out the prescription that is important, but it is the understanding of the processes and dynamics of the interactions that are taking place between prescriber and patient that are the fundamental key to good prescribing practice (Kuhse et al 2001).

My Experiences as a Learner :: Personal Narrative Learning Education Papers

My Experiences as a Learner I was in first grade and her name was Sister Carol Anne. She even spelled Anne the same way I spelled my middle name Anne which made her better. She was amazing she had this way of always making everyone in the class feel equal. We never knew who received the high grades and who received the low grades. We all were working "as hard as we could" she would say and that was all that mattered. Sister Carol also had ways of showing us how to help each other out. If a few students didn't get it then the students who did understand would teach the other students. Looking back I'm skeptical because that might unintentionally separate the students into "smart" and "stupid" groups. However, I remember that at some point or another everyone in that class needed help and everyone was able to teach. She exemplified for us that teaching is more helping and guiding instead of ruling and ordering. I think after that class was when I decided I wanted to be a teacher. It wavered on and off throughout my education but it started there in the first grade. The next significant grades I remember were third grade and fourth grade for the teaching style and the classroom atmosphere respectively. In third grade my teacher was Sister Edwardine (in case there is still any confusion I went to Catholic school my entire life.) I remember her specifically because she taught with stuffed animals. We were taught to respect nature and every organism around us, because we are all equal, by using these animals. Everyday, if we behaved, a few students in the class were given an animal to care for and we had to treat it as if it were a real creature. We didn't get to choose our animal however, and I see now how profound her rationale was. She said we didn't get to choose our animals because in life we don't get to choose who is around us in our community and who isn't. She was teaching us that we aren't always going to have the ability to chose who and what surrounds us but we must respect them all for their differences. I remember specifically the day she bought us two new animals. They were a male and female skunk. And when the students gathered to name them a few students starting mocking and calling them insulting names.

Doctor Faustus Essays: Critical Analysis of Faustus :: Doctor Faustus Essays

Critical Analysis of Doctor Faustus In this essay the critical approach on (Mythological and Archetypal Approach) played a big role in forming my opinion of the signet classic book, "Doctor Faustus" It is to my knowledge that mythology does not meet our current standards of factual reality, but unlike the 16th century which this play was presented, men like Faustus saw myth as fundamental and a dramatic representation of the deepest instinctual life in the universe. This play is about how Faustus puts on a performance for the Emperor and the Duke of Vanholt. The main thesis or climax of this play is when Faustus two friends Valdes and Cornelius who are magicians, teaches him the ways of magic. Faustus uses this magic to summon up a devil named Mephistophilis. Faustus signs over his soul to Lucifer (Satan), in return to keep Mephistophilis for 24 years. We also see what happens when magic power gets in the wrong hands when Mephistophilis punishes Robin, who is a clown and his friend Ralph for trying to make magic with a book they have stolen from Faustus. In the beginning angels visit Faustus, and each time he wonders whether or not to repent, but the devil appears and warns him not too by tempting him of magic to posses. In the end of the play the two good and evil angels have been replaced by an old man, who urges Faustus to repent? But it is to late for and the play ends with the devil carrying him off the hell. The main reason why I picked this critical approach is because this play has established a significant relationship to archetypes and its patterns. Such things as archetype images played an important role in this play. For example on (page 32, line 8) it speaks of a circle, referring to the protection of Jehovah. As an archetype image it refers to wholeness and unity. Also between (lines 16-24), Mephistophilis wants to put away with the trinity of Jehovah, by saying, "Hail spirits of fire, air, water" and the word welkin on (page 31 line 4). This implies to the first and second images of archetype images. Other major keys that exist in the critical analysis of this play are the number seven, which is said to be the most potent of all symbolic numbers. In the play seven is related to the seven deadly sins: pride, covetness, envy, wrath, gluttony, sloth, and lechery.

Transmission of Livestock Diseases to Humans Essay -- Health Science P

Transmission of Livestock Diseases to Humans For decades now, death and disease have driven the progress of technology. Through the advancements of science, many diseases have been made obsolete and many more are drawing closer and closer to being conquered. However, with all the diseases that we have defeated, more and more keep appearing. And old diseases that we thought we were protected against have made comebacks. An example of this is Foot and Mouth Disease. "Since 1930 the United States of America has prohibited the importation of livestock and fresh, chilled, or frozen meat from countries in which rinderpest or foot-and-mouth disease exist," (Publication 1343, 49). The United States is considered a Foot and Mouth Disease Free country. However, that does not mean that we have not been active in trying to get rid of FMD in other countries. There was an Argentine-United States Joint commission on FMD held in 1966. In a report on this meeting it was stated that, "The conditions under which the virus of foot-and-mou th disease (FMD) survives in animal tissues have long been matters of fundamental interest to all officials concerned with the prevention and control of the disease," (Publication 1343, 3). There was a CENTO Seminar on Viral Diseases held in Istanbul, Turkey on June 12-17, 1972. This seminar had a special emphasis on FMD and rinderpest-like diseases. A discussion of disease-free zones and the regulations for these zones was brought up (Girard 93). Some of the stated regulations included complete control of domestic livestock movement, traffic of persons to and from an area that has been quarantined should be restricted and if an outbreak would occur, no animals can be exported, all the animals in... ...ases. Vol. 7, Issue 4. Jul/Aug 2001. Petersen, Lyle R. & John T. Roehrig, Guest Editors. â€Å"West Nile Virus: A Reemerging Global Pathogen.† Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 7, Issue 4. Jul/Aug 2001. Sibbald, Barbara. "Quebec Clear Way for Use of Aerial Pesticides to Combat West Nile Virus." CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 165, Issue 4. 8/21/2001, p. 463. Tyler, Kenneth L., M.D. â€Å"West Nile Virus Encephalitis in America.† The New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 344, No. 24. June 14, 2001. Weir, Erica. â€Å"Foot and Mouth Disease in Animals and Humans.† Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 164, Issue 9. 5/1/01 Yang, Joo-Sung, et al. â€Å"Induction of Potent Th1-Type Immune Responses from a Novel DNA Vaccine for West Nile Virus New York Isolate (WNV-NY1999).† The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 184, 2001.

Employment Law †Sexual Harassment Essay

Review the Sexual Harassment Tutorial found in the lecture. After viewing the Sexual Harassment Tutorial, completing the reading, and reviewing the lecture notes in conjunction with the TCO, answer the following questions about the tutorial scenario and facts. You’re Role/Assignment: 1. Based upon the scenario, does the employee have a legally viable claim for quid pro quo sexual harassment and/or hostile environment sexual harassment? What is the likely outcome? Based on Robert’s behavior and comments, Brittany was experiencing a hostile environment sexual harassment. Robert is a co-worker whose behavior is unwelcome and inappropriate; therefore creating a workplace that is intimidating, hostile, and/or offensive. His behavior was due to Brittany’s gender and physical attributes. She often witnessed him staring at the photo of her in her bathing suit and making lewd comments regarding her body. She requested he stop making comments because it made her uncomfortable. Shortly after, she found that he scanned the photo to his computer. Upon confronting him again, Robert went to her supervisor complaining that she was not informing him of his messages in a timely manner, which was not true. After notifying Dwayne, her supervisor, of the problems she was having with Robert, Brittany experienced quid pro quo from Dwayne. Dwayne informed Brittany she was traveling with him; she never was required to travel before. She stated she would prefer not to travel; but was told the travel was work related and they would be sharing the same room. He proceeded by telling her that he could promote her if she was willing to show him her amazing breasts while they were on travel. Brittany has a legitimate claim for both work environment sexual harassment and quid pro quo. Upon completion of a thorough investigation, disciplining or firing both Robert and Dwayne should be the first course of action. Additionally, the organization is accountable for the actions of their managers and should monetarily compensate Brittany. 2. Analyze the legal factors for the potential claim(s) in the context of the employee pursuing legal action against the employer. The Supreme Court (Harris v Forklift) concluded that a hostile or abusive work environment can be determined only by looking at all the circumstances. According to established guidance, some factors could be part of the â€Å"circumstances† in a case. They include frequency of discriminatory conduct; severity of the conduct; whether it is physically threatening or humiliating or merely offensive utterance; and whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee’s work performance. Brittany often witnessed Robert staring at the bikini photo and he actually took the photo to scan and make his computer screensaver (frequency and severity). Although Robert’s conduct was not necessarily physically threatening, it was humiliating and offensive. After voicing her displeasure, Robert informed Brittany’s supervisor that she was not performing her duties in a timely manner. This upset Brittany therefore causing several missed workdays (work interference). These actions are clear violations of a hostile environment sexual harassment. EEOC determines sexual harassment to be unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. In quid pro quo cases, an offense occurs if it pertains to conditions of the employee’s employment or institutes the foundation for employment decisions affecting the employee. Dwayne was in violation of quid pro quo rules by requesting Brittany to show him her amazing breasts in exchange for a promotion and move to a different division (basis for employment decisions). Upon declining his request, Brittany received a demotion to the mailroom and a reduction in pay. 3. Let’s shift gears. Using the same scenario, assume you are in the HR department of your organization and you were just presented with the scenario as an example used to explore policies and procedures that will avoid sexual harassment liability. Your boss has asked you to make preliminary suggestions (which will be presented to the legal counsel) regarding sexual harassment protocol that will avoid potential liability. What would your top five suggestions be and why? The first suggestion would be for the organization to implement a clear and explicit sexual harassment policy. This information should be included in the employee handbook provided to everyone during their hire orientation. This will ensure everyone receives initial guidance concerning this sensitive issue as soon as they begin their employment with the organization. Everyone must understand that sexual harassment in the workplace is not acceptable and the company has a zero tolerance for such behavior. The second suggestion is to provide mandatory, separate training to employees and managers/supervisors. Conducting this training will serve as a refresher to everyone to ensure they understand what is and is not considered sexual harassment and also what actions to take if they wish to file a complaint. For managers/supervisors, the annual training should consist of how to ensure they understand sexual harassment and how to deal with complaints. The next suggestion would be to ensure sexual harassment claims receive serious consideration by all parties involved in the reporting processing. The employee should be comforted, not told to â€Å"get over it†. Employees deserve the commitment and due diligence of their organization in handling sensitive matters. Another suggestion would be for the organization to create a zero tolerance atmosphere for sexual harassment. This requires challenging employees immediately when they participate in activities that create an unacceptable workplace. Jokes, sneers, leers, teasing, and gestures are not acceptable. Last, the organization must thrive to keep the workplace friendly and open. This will instill a more pleasant and respectful atmosphere.

Key learning point Essay

Power refers to the extent to which one can satisfy their target goals, needs or desires. Power can be used either to dominate or control the other, or can be used to work together with the other party involved. Whichever way power is used it gives one an edge over the other party in negotiations. Information provides an important source and a means of acquiring power. Reason for Selection: Informational power comes from a person’s ability to assemble data to support his positions, arguments, or desired outcomes. This resource provides an important tool in challenging the other party’s position, or undermine their arguments or propositions during negotiations. Application to a business or personal situation: A year ago, I was talking to a doctor who was new at one of the centers I am marketing my pharmaceutical products. The doctor openly rubbished my product saying he had absolutely no scope for it in his medical practice basing his argument on the position of a respected doctor in the area of medicine in which my product is applied. What this doctor did not know is that from my market survey on my product and competitor brands momentum in the market, the doctor he claimed was the top prescriber of my product in that town . I provided the evidence and within a month I received a call from my manager that the doctor had placed an LPO for my product. Action or steps taken to improve: I read widely and extensively on new trends in my area of work; undertake market survey on different issues; seek the opinion of experts; attend seminars and conferences on various topics; and in general try to keep an open mind, maintain my curiosity about life and watch informative programs. References Squidoo (2010). A goldmine of journal Writing Prompts. Retrieved on 30th July, 2010, from http://www. squidoo. com/journalwritingprompts

Public Relations in college Athletics Essay

Public relations play important role in linking college athletics with other colleges and news media. It represents college athletics related issues to media level. Public relation is responsible for handling all communication and information exchange between the college and athletics and media. It also promotes and develop relations with other colleges and universities.   Public relations will also keep news site updated to keep inform the community about the current issues, updates and goals.   Public relation program will handled all media related inquires, it regularly updates about recent research carried out in the faculty, promote inter-colleges sports and workshops, other promotional programs in the community and many other activities on the campuses.   Public relation facilitates inter-departmental, inter-community and social relations.   Assessment:   College athletic public relations goal is to develop such programs to maintain good public relations with the community and to promote student athletics sports, moral, physical, social and emotional growth. Such programs will keep individuals involve with creative activities and simultaneously promote their social relations with the community, a sense of responsibility and increase their morals.   Plan or board policy in relation to an existing public relations/marking plan or program One of the main purposes of the public relations is to let the students and community learn college rules and regulations and respect it in all circumstances in order to provide well-balanced education and creative skills.   Public relations board will responsible for making new guidelines and policies for people especially parents and guardians to keep them update of regulations and procedures.   Public relations board will develop such policies in order to keep details of all programs and guidelines for the community, guardians and students. The policies must define and update the student’s and communities needs. It must also prepare information regarding programs to give student and guardians full information. Evaluation: According to a recent research (Parry and Hayden, 1993) postgraduate students benefit from the program only when these students are paid attention separately, faculty and departmental staff clearly verify the assistance these students should receive. For recruiting more students in postgraduate program following strategies are needed to be implemented in the new curricula. These strategies are formed after careful analysis of the problems that were faced by the students, which were causing decline in students’ strength in the university. Creative ideas were generated to find out various possible number of solutions for the prevailing problems.   Recruitment and selection of students   There is a need to develop a unique workable policy for accommodating minimum or maximum number of students in the postgraduate program on the basis of preferred recruitment practices and on the university standards to recruit students per class.   There is also a need to start scholarships for students who are unable to pay their full fee.   Technical expertise and competencies in their language should be considered mandatory prior to admission.   Apart from quantitative analysis of students’ recruitment, university should also consider the qualitative approach to recruit students. Thus, admitting those students who are skillful and eligible for the program. And who will prove to be good in giving out results, thus, improving the standards of university in terms of qualitative education.   Audit of an existing safety or crisis prevention plan Staff and supervisors All staff and supervisors should be highly qualified and experienced. Per supervisor and staff, students allocated should be evaluated. Number of supervisor allocated per faculty should be evaluated New developmental strategies for students, supervisors and staff For every student there should be a clear statement for the academic mission of the university and department, research achievements, focus of teaching at the university, discipline rules that are to be followed. Every student should have a clear idea about departmental activities, social and intellectual prospects, facilities, resources, services, support, research facilities, and other procedures. In addition, there should be accommodation facilities, offices for mail typing, laboratory space, technical support, research equipment, computerized infrastructure, photocopying, library facilities, telephone, email and facsimile facilities, research grants and paid work. All above mentioned facilities should be publicized among undergraduate students, who might get interested in taking admission in postgraduate. Recent research showed that postgraduate students find various elements useful such as outline of the research they are taking, opportunity to meet other postgraduates, academics, administrative, technical staff and faculty. Selection of topics should be made easy and should be in consistent with the research facilities and financial resources available in the department. Each student should be guided individually that how they have to conduct research. Each student should be encouraged to acquire specialist assistance in writing thesis, computing, analysis of data, researching in library and archives in the management database. Using recommended assessment techniques,    There should be regular meetings and discussions between the supervisors, other research students for keep check on the progress of work and new innovative ideas that research students might learn from each other. Each student should keep a record of his or her work. Similarly, each supervisor should keep record of their supervision to avoid any misunderstanding between student and the supervisor. There should be brief records of meetings, discussions, deadlines set for the accomplishment of certain task or research work, notes on advice provided to each student, photocopies of other important notes, drafts and student diaries. Working relationship with other students should be kept in harmony. Students should have opportunities to mix socially with other departmental students. There should be network of students to get mixed with each other and learn each other problems, research and learning abilities. Progress of each student should be completely checked. There should be a definite policy to monitor the continuous progress of students. There should be new developmental policies to provide financial assistance for research and other postgraduate students. Each student should keep participating in conferences, seminars and colloquia for sharing their knowledge with other research scholars of the same fields. Create an assessment tool to evaluate a program,    The program’s success depends on individual outcomes, hence, it is important to judge whether these outcomes are worthwhile or just achieved. The desired outcomes of this program are listed below. It will improve motor skills of a student and he would improve his locomotive and perceptual motor skills The program will enhance their learning and memorizing capability. A student will be able to give more attention to his studies. The student will develop better social relations. He would be better off in school and at home. Student’s emotional and psychological development will improve. Emotional problems are usually correlated with his physical, social and cognitive development. But as his cognitive, social and physical development enhances, his emotional development will improve. The program will improve quality of education at school. The student after being trained will have better skills to interact with his environment and will yield better results. The program is cost effective and will safe cost of future problems that may arise due to lack of education and training at this age. The program will speed up student’s cognitive development. The program is not offered for a specific need but it will improve overall development and generalized needs of a student. Teachers and trainers will find it easier to train through this program rather than typical way of teaching. â€Å"Building and modeling caring relationships is crucial to the preservice teacher’s capacity to receive curricular content and their ability to teach that content to young student.† (Lake, Jones, & Dagli, 2004) The program would be able to preserve social and morel values through better education and training of a student. As student are major and most crucial beings in transmitting such values. The program protects student’s right to live and develop to their full potential while benefiting from the environment. References    Lake, Jones, & Dagli (2004) Handle With Care: Integrating Caring Content in Mathematics and Science Methods Classes. Journal of Research in Childhood Education Vol. 19, Nos. 1 & 2, Fall 2004 and Winter 2004 Parry, S. and M. Hayden. 1993. â€Å"Supervising Higher Degree Research Students.† Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.   

Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper Essay

 · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable and unsustainable human interactions with the environment?  · In general, how do human values affect sustainability given current challenges facing society? After reviewing the research on the environment, how do environmental hazards affect human health? Provide at least two examples. It is important to remember that college is not all about studying. College is a significant step into adulthood and should be treated as such. While you should not party the night away, do not keep your nose in your books to the point that you do not get to enjoy this time of your life. This work comprises ENV 100 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper   General Questions – General General Questions Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions:  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable an†¦ To get this material copy and paste link to browser – https://bitly.com/1xptIgO It is important to remember that college is not all about studying. College is a significant step into adulthood and should be treated as such. While you should not party the night away, do not keep your nose in your books to the point that you do not get to enjoy this time of your life. General Questions – General General Questions Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions:  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable and unsustainable human interactions with the environment?  · In general, how do human values affect sustainability given current challenges facing society? After reviewing the research on the environment, how do environmental hazards affect human health? Provide at least two examples.

Week three Team D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week three Team D - Essay Example The Management and operational leaders of Boardman Management, empowers its staff to provide them with quality customer service with the little acts of kindness and offering them the hotel’s specialty services. The mission of Boardman Management Groups also includes retaining its customers by offering them a luxurious and unforgettable experience by continuously improving the quality of its employees, which ultimately improves the overall environment of the Resorts and cottages. The main goal of Boardman Management Group is to identify the individual attributes that an employee adds to its job, after getting acknowledgement and respect from its employer. The main goals of the existence of Boardman Management group also includes designing staffing, recruiting policies and to offer their employees certain benefits and payrolls. Boardman through its employee management practices try to improve the conditions of its resorts and cottages it manages, as the employees are considered to be the key component in the effective management of any place (Baderman Island, 2005). Baderman Island. (2005). Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Boardman Management Group: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/BadermanIsland/Board